# 2019 seminars

## 04/01/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Long-range, multi-particle quantum entanglement plays a fundamental role in our understanding of many modern quantum materials, including the copper-based high temperature superconductors. Hawking’s quantum information puzzle in the quantum theory of black holes also involves non-local entanglement. I will describe a simple model of randomly entangled qubits which has shed light on these distinct fields of physics.

Subir's slides

## 11/01/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Michael Berry, University of Bristol
Geometric phases and the separation of the world

The waves that describe systems in quantum physics can carry information about how their environment has been altered, for example by forces acting on them. This effect is the geometric phase. It also occurs in the optics of polarised light, where it goes back to the 1830s; and it gives insight into the spin-statistics relation for identical quantum particles. The underlying mathematics is geometric: the phenomenon of parallel transport, which also explains how falling cats land on their feet, and why parking a car in a narrow space is difficult. Incorporating the back-reaction of the geometric phase on the dynamics of the changing environment exposes the unsolved problem of how strictly a system can be separated from a slowly-varying environment, and involves different mathematics: divergent infinite series.

## 18/01/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Many-body localised (MBL) phases of matter fall outside the conventional paradigm of equilibrium statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. A natural question thus is, what minimal and generic properties must random many-body Hamiltonians possess for a localised phase to be stable? In this talk, I will address the question by exploiting the exact mapping between a many-body Hamiltonian and a tight-binding problem on the Fock-space graph. In particular, I will present a theory for how the strong correlations in the effective Fock-space disorder play a central role in stabilising an MBL phase. The theory is rooted in analytic but approximate calculations of the propagators on the Fock space. To shed further light on the underlying physics, I will also introduce and discuss a classical proxy for the MBL transition in the form of a percolation transition on the Fock space. Finally, I will discuss a novel class of Anderson localisation problems on correlated trees, to understand the effect of such disorder correlations in a more controlled setting.

## 25/01/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

The ability to create and manipulate optical lattices for cold atoms, with a view towards studying topological matter, has brought renewed focus to the physics of Bloch waves and the role of the lattice in governing their properties. We consider generic tight binding models where particle motion is described in terms of hopping amplitudes between orbitals. The physical attributes of the orbitals, including their locations in space, are independent pieces of information. We identify a notion of geometry-independence: any physical quantity that depends only on the tight-binding parameters (and not on the explicit information about the orbital geometry) is said to be “geometry-independent.” Identification of geometry-dependent vs. independent quantities can be used as a novel principle for constraining a variety of results in both non-interacting and interacting systems. We show, e.g., how Hall measurements based on accelerated lattices or tilted potentials, and those based on applying a chemical potential imbalance between reservoirs, give diffReferenceerent results due to the fact that one is geometry-dependent, while the other is geometry-independent. Similar considerations apply for thermal Hall responses in electronic, cold atomic, and spin systems.

### Reference

Steven H. Simon and Mark S. Rudner, Phys. Rev. B 102, 165148, 2020.

Steven Simon's slides

## 08/02/2021, Monday, 10:00–11:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Rémy Mosseri, LPTMC Sorbonne Université
Liquid crystal director fields in three-dimensional non-Euclidean geometries

This work investigates nematic liquid crystals in three-dimensional curved space, and determines which director deformation modes are compatible with each possible type of non-Euclidean geometry. Previous work by Sethna et al. [1] showed that double twist is frustrated in flat space $\mathbb{R}^3$, but can fit perfectly in the hypersphere $\mathbb{S}^3$. Here, we extend that work to all four deformation modes (splay, twist, bend, and biaxial splay) and all eight Thurston geometries [2]. Each pure mode of director deformation can fill space perfectly, for at least one type of geometry. This analysis shows the ideal structure of each deformation mode in curved space, which is frustrated by the requirements of flat space.

1. Sethna J. P., Wright D. C. and Mermin N. D., 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 51 467–70.
2. J.-F. Sadoc, R. Mosseri and J. Selinger, New Journal of Physics 22 (2020) 093036.

Projecto FCT UIDB/04459/2020.

## 15/02/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Quantum chaos, especially when caused by particle interactions, is closely related with topics of high experimental and theoretical interest, from the thermalization of isolated systems to the difficulties to reach a localized phase, and the emergence of quantum scars. In this talk, various indicators of quantum chaos will be compared, including level statistics, structure of eigenstates, matrix elements of observables, out-of-time ordered correlators, and the correlation hole (ramp). These indicators are then employed to identify the minimum number of interacting particles required for the onset of strong chaos in quantum systems with short-range and also with long-range interactions.

### References

Lea Santos slides.pdf

Due to unforeseen technical reasons we were not able to record Lea's talk. However, some of her previous talks cover part of the topics she talked about. You can find them at:

## 22/02/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Maciej Koch-Janusz, University of Zurich
Statistical physics through the lens of real-space mutual information

Identifying the relevant coarse-grained degrees of freedom in a complex physical system is a key stage in developing effective theories. The renormalization group (RG) provides a framework for this task, but its practical execution in unfamiliar systems is fraught with ad hoc choices. Machine learning approaches, on the other hand, though promising, often lack formal interpretability: it is unclear what relation, if any, the architecture- and training-dependent learned "relevant" features bear to standard objects of physical theory.

I will present recent results addressing both issues. We develop a fast algorithm, the RSMI-NE, employing state-of-art results in machine-learning-based estimation of information-theoretic quantities to construct the optimal coarse-graining. We use it to develop a new approach to identifying the most relevant field theory operators describing a statistical system, which we validate on the example of interacting dimer model. I will also discuss formal results underlying the method: we establish equivalence between the information-theoretic notion of relevance defined in the Information Bottleneck (IB) formalism of compression theory, and the field-theoretic relevance of the RG. We show analytically that for statistical physical systems the "relevant" degrees of freedom found using IB compression indeed correspond to operators with the lowest scaling dimensions, providing a dictionary connecting two distinct theoretical toolboxes.

Koch-Janusz' slides

## 01/03/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Simon Becker, University of Cambridge
Mathematics of magic angles for twisted bilayer graphene

Magic angles are a hot topic in condensed matter physics: when two sheets of graphene are twisted by those angles the resulting material is superconducting. Please do not be scared by the physics though: I will present a very simple operator whose spectral properties are thought to determine which angles are magical. It comes from a recent PR Letter by Tarnopolsky–Kruchkov–Vishwanath. The mathematics behind this is an elementary blend of representation theory (of the Heisenberg group in characteristic three), Jacobi theta functions and spectral instability of non-self-adjoint operators (involving Hoermander’s bracket condition in a very simple setting). The results will be illustrated by colourful numerics which suggest some open problems. This is joint work with M. Embree, J. Wittsten, and M. Zworski.

Simon Becker's slides

## 08/03/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Hannah Price, University of Birmingham
Exploring 4D topological physics in the laboratory

Spatial dimensionality plays a key role in our understanding of topological physics, with different topological invariants needed to characterise systems with different numbers of spatial dimensions. In a 2D quantum Hall system, for example, a robust quantisation of the Hall response is related to the first Chern number: a 2D topological invariant of the electronic energy bands. Generalising to more spatial dimensions, it was shown that a new type of quantum Hall effect could emerge in four dimensions, but where the quantised response was related to a four-dimensional topological invariant, namely the second Chern number. While systems with four spatial dimensions may seem abstract, recent developments in ultracold atoms and photonics have opened the door to exploring such higher-dimensional topological physics experimentally. In this talk, I will introduce the theory of 4D topological phases of matter, before discussing recent experiments in cold atoms, photonics and electrical circuits that have begun to probe aspects of this physics in the laboratory.

Hannah Price's slides

## 15/03/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

In this talk I will discuss how one can detect quantum chaos in generic interacting models using adiabatic transformations, specifically the fidelity susceptibility. In particular, I will show that it exhibits a very sharp crossover behavior from the algebraic to the exponential scaling form with the system size in the presence of a small integrability breaking parameter. This sensitivity allows one to identify tiny integrability breaking perturbations, not detectable by conventional methods. I will also discuss that generically integrable and chaotic regimes are separated by a universal regime of “maximal chaos” where the fidelity susceptibility saturates its upper bound and the system exhibits exponentially slow, glassy dynamics. I will illustrate how this probe works using several examples of both clean and disordered systems and, in particular, will argue that numerical results indicate absence of a continuous many-body localization transition in the thermodynamic limit.

Anatoli Polkovnikov's slides

## 22/03/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Markus Heyl, Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden
Quantum many-body dynamics in two dimensions with artificial neural networks

In the last two decades the field of nonequilibrium quantum many-body physics has seen a rapid development driven, in particular, by the remarkable progress in quantum simulators, which today provide access to dynamics in quantum matter with an unprecedented control. However, the efficient numerical simulation of nonequilibrium real-time evolution in isolated quantum matter still remains a key challenge for current computational methods especially beyond one spatial dimension. In this talk I will present a versatile and efficient machine learning inspired approach. I will first introduce the general idea of encoding quantum many-body wave functions into artificial neural networks. I will then identify and resolve key challenges for the simulation of real-time evolution, which previously imposed significant limitations on the accurate description of large systems and long-time dynamics. As a concrete example, I will consider the dynamics of the paradigmatic two-dimensional transverse field Ising model, where we observe collapse and revival oscillations of ferromagnetic order and demonstrate that the reached time scales are comparable to or exceed the capabilities of state-of-the-art tensor network methods.

Markus Heyl's slides

## 29/03/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Alexander Altland, University of Cologne
Spectral density of weakly disordered Weyl semimetals

Weyl semimetals contain an even number of singular points in their Brillouin zone around which the dispersion is linear and the density of states (DoS) vanishes. How does the density of states change in the (inevitable) presence of impurities? This question has been the subject of an intensive and partially controversial discussion in the recent literature. In particular, it has been suggested that below a critical disorder strength the DoS remains zero, and that the system supports a phase transition separating an intrinsically clean from a disordered phase. In this talk, I discuss this problem on the basis of several effective models. All these support the integrity of the Weyl node and hence are compatible with the above scenario. I will also comment on the (tricky) comparison to numerics and point out a puzzle whose solution invites mathematical research.

## 12/04/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Room P3.10, Mathematics Building — Online

David J. Luitz, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden
Hierarchy of Relaxation Timescales in Local Random Liouvillians

To characterize the generic behavior of open quantum many-body systems, we consider random, purely dissipative Liouvillians with a notion of locality. We find that the positivity of the map implies a sharp separation of the relaxation timescales according to the locality of observables. Specifically, we analyze a spin-$1/2$ system of size $\ell$ with up to $n$-body Lindblad operators, which are $n$ local in the complexity-theory sense. Without locality ($n=\ell$), the complex Liouvillian spectrum densely covers a “lemon”-shaped support, in agreement with recent findings [S. Denisov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 140403 (2019), L. Sa et al., JPA 53, 305303]. However, for local Liouvillians ($n \lt \ell$), we find that the spectrum is composed of several dense clusters with random matrix spacing statistics, each featuring a lemon-shaped support wherein all eigenvectors correspond to $n$-body decay modes. This implies a hierarchy of relaxation timescales of $n$-body observables, which we verify to be robust in the thermodynamic limit. Our findings for $n$ locality generalize immediately to the case of spatial locality, introducing further splitting of timescales due to the additional structure.

To test our theoretical prediction, we perform experiments on the IBM quantum computing platform, designing different "waiting circuits" to inject two body dissipative interactions by two qubit entangling gates. We find excellent agreement with our theory and observe the predicted hierarchy of timescales.

### References

[1] K. Wang, F. Piazza, D. J. Luitz. Hierarchy of relaxation timescales in local random Liouvillians. Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 100604 (2020).

[2] O. E. Sommer, F. Piazza, and D. J. Luitz. Many-body Hierarchy of Dissipative Timescales in a Quantum Computer.

David Luitz' slides

## 19/04/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Gunter M. Schütz, Institute of Biological Information Processing and Institute for Advanced Simulation
Spin helix states in the dissipative Heisenberg quantum spin chain

We demonstrate that the exact nonequilibrium steady state of the one-dimensional Heisenberg $XXZ$ spin chain driven by boundary Lindblad operators can be constructed explicitly with a matrix product ansatz for the nonequilibrium density matrix. For the isotropic Heisenberg chain, polarized at the boundaries in different directions with a non-zero twist angle, we calculate the exact magnetization profiles and magnetization currents. The in-plane steady-state magnetization profiles are harmonic functions with a frequency proportional to the twist angle. In-plane steady-state magnetization currents are subdiffusive and vanish as the boundary coupling strength increases, while the transverse current is diffusive and saturates as the coupling strength becomes large. The anisotropic chain exhibits spin helix states at special values of the anisotropy where the transverse current is independent of system size, even for non-integrable higher-spin chains.

## 26/04/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Xiao-Gang Wen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A holographic view of symmetry — symmetry as shadow of topological order

Recently, the notion of symmetry has been extended from 0-symmetry described by group to higher symmetry described by higher group. In this talk, we show that the notion of symmetry can be generalized even further to "algebraic higher symmetry". Then we will describe an even more general point of view of symmetry, which puts the (generalized) symmetry charges and topological excitation at equal footing: symmetry can be viewed as gravitational anomaly, or symmetry can be viewed as shadow topological order in one higher dimension. This picture allows us to see many duality relations between seeming unrelated symmetries.

Xiao-Gang Wen's slides

## 03/05/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Karyn Le Hur, Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS
Geometry, Light Response and Quantum Transport in Topological States of Matter

Topological states of matter are characterized by a gap in the bulk of the system referring to an insulator or a superconductor and topological edge modes as well which find various applications in transport and spintronics. The bulk-edge correspondence is associated to a topological number. The table of topological states include the quantum Hall effect and the quantum anomalous Hall effect, topological insulators and topological superconductors in various dimensions and lattice geometries. Here, we discuss classes of states which can be understood from mapping onto a spin-1/2 particle in the reciprocal space of wave-vectors. We develop a geometrical approach on the associated Poincare-Bloch sphere, developing smooth fields, which shows that the topology can be encoded from the poles only. We show applications for the light-matter coupling when coupling to circular polarizations and develop a relation with quantum transport and the quantum Hall conductivity. The formalism allows to include interaction effects. We show our recent developments on a stochastic approach to englobe these interaction effects and discuss applications for the Mott transition of the Haldane and Kane-Mele models. Then, we develop a model of coupled spheres and show the possibility of fractional topological numbers as a result of interactions between spheres and entanglement allowing a superposition of two geometries, one encircling a topological charge and one revealing a Bell or EPR pair. Then, we show applications of the fractional topological numbers $C=1/2$ in bilayer honeycomb models describing topological semi-metals characterized by a quantized Berry phase at one Dirac point.

• Joel Hutchinson and Karyn Le Hur, arXiv:2002.11823 (under review)
• Philipp Klein, Adolfo Grushin, Karyn Le Hur, Phys. Rev. B 103, 035114 (2021)

## 10/05/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Paul Melotti, Université Paris Saclay
The free-fermion eight-vertex model via dimers

The eight-vertex model is an useful description that generalizes several spin systems, as well as the more common six-vertex model, and others. In a special "free-fermion" regime, it is known since the work of Fan, Lin, Wu in the late 60s that the model can be mapped to non-bipartite dimers. However, no general theory is known for dimers in the non-bipartite case, contrary to the extensive rigorous description of Gibbs measures by Kenyon, Okounkov, Sheffield for bipartite dimers. In this talk I will show how to transform these non-bipartite dimers into bipartite ones, on generic planar graphs. I will mention a few consequences: computation of long-range correlations, criticality and critical exponents, and their "exact" application to Z-invariant regimes on isoradial graphs.

Melotti's slides

## 17/05/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

David Tong, University of Cambridge
How to Give Chiral Fermions a Mass

Chiral fermions have the property that their left-handed and right-handed components transform differently under some symmetry. Folklore suggests that it is impossible to give such fermions a mass without breaking this symmetry. I'll show, through a number of examples, why this folklore is wrong. In particular, I'll show how one generation of fermions in the Standard Model can get a mass without the need for a Higgs boson that breaks electroweak symmetry.

David Tong's slides

## 24/05/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Igor Lesanovsky, Universität Tübingen
Neural network dynamics in open quantum many-body systems

Open quantum systems composed of atoms interacting with light exhibit behaviour that is akin to that of associative memories [1]. This means that they possess stationary states that can be interpreted as stored memory patterns, which are retrieved when the initial state is inside the basin of attraction of a given pattern [2]. The corresponding pattern retrieval dynamics can be observed in actual experimental settings. In these experiments atoms are confined within an optical cavity whose photons mediate long-range interactions [3]. Stored patterns are encoded in the atom-light coupling constants. This setting offers an interesting opportunity for studying quantum generalisations of associative memories and stored (quantum) patterns in this context [4]. Moreover, it allows to systematically construct scenarios in which quantum effects might be beneficial, e.g., for speeding up the pattern retrieval process [5]. I will talk about recent research of my group on this subject, which builds a bridge between classic machine learning concepts, such as the Hopfield Neural Network, and most recent experimental manifestations of synthetic quantum matter.

1. E. Fiorelli et al., Physical Review Letters 125, 070604 (2020)
2. F. Carollo and I. Lesanovsky, arXiv:2009.13932 (2020)
3. V. D. Vaidya et al., Physical Review X 8, 011002 (2018)
4. P. Rotondo et al., Journal of Physics A 51, 115301 (2018)
5. E. Fiorelli et al., Physical Review A 99, 032126 (2019)

Igor Lesanovsky's slides

## 07/06/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Michael Fleischhauer, Dept. of Physics & research center OPTIMAS, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Topology of mixed states

Topological states of matter have fascinated physicists since a long time. The notion of topology is however ususally associated with ground states of (many-body)-Hamiltonians, which are pure. So what is left of it at finite temperatures and can topological protection be extended to non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of open systems? Can suitable observables be constructed that preserve the integrity of topological invariants for mixed states and what are measurable consequences of their existence? Can we classify the topology of finite temperature and NESS using generalized symmetries? Motivated by topological charge pumps, first introduced by Thouless, I will first discuss a topological invariant for systems that break time reversal symmetry based on the many-body polarization, called ensemble geometric phase (EGP) [1]. In contrast to charge transport, the EGP can be used to probe topology in one dimensional non-interacting [2] and interacting [3], closed and open systems alike. Furthermore different from other constructions, such as the Uhlmann phase, it can be extended to two dimensions [4]. I will then extend the definition to systems with time-reversal symmetry and finally talk about measurable consequences of mixed-states topological invariants.

1. C.E. Bardyn, L. Wawer, A. Altland, M. Fleischhauer, S.Diehl, (PRX 2018).
2. D. Linzner, L. Wawer, F. Grusdt, M. Fleischhauer, (PRB 2016).
3. R. Unanyan, M. Kiefer-Emmanouilidis, M. Fleischhauer, (PRL 2020).
4. L. Wawer, M. Fleischhauer, arxiv 2104.12115.

Michael Fleischhauer slides.pdf

## 14/06/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Clement Delcamp, Max-Planck-Institute of Quantum Optics
On tensor network representations of the $(3+1)d$ toric code

Tensor network states provide a comprehensive framework for the analytic and numerical study of strongly correlated many-body systems. In recent years, this framework has been successfully applied to topological phases of matter. In this talk, I will present two dual tensor network representations of the $(3+1)d$ toric code ground state subspace, which are obtained by initially imposing either family of stabilizer constraints. I will discuss topological properties of the model from the point of view of these virtual symmetries, demonstrate that one of these representations is stable to all local tensor perturbations — including those that do not map to local operators on the physical Hilbert space — and explain, both from a physical and category theoretical viewpoint, how the distinguishing properties of these representations are related to the phenomenon of bulk-boundary correspondence.

## 28/06/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Rubem Mondaini, Beijing Computational Science Research Center
Quantum Critical Points and the Sign Problem

The "sign problem" (SP) is the fundamental limitation to simulations of strongly correlated materials in condensed matter physics, solving quantum chromodynamics at finite baryon density, and computational studies of nuclear matter. It is often argued that the SP is not intrinsic to the physics of particular Hamiltonians, since the details of how it onsets, and its eventual occurrence, can be altered by the choice of algorithm or many-particle basis. Despite that, I plan to show in this talk that the SP in determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) is quantitatively linked to quantum critical behavior. This demonstration is done via simulations of a number of fundamental models of condensed matter physics, all of whose critical properties are relatively well understood.

## 05/07/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Ákos Nagy, University of California, Santa Barbara
Concentrating Majorana fermions

I will begin by defining a canonical family of perturbations of the Dirac equation. These perturbations are complex anti-linear, thus ground states only form a real vector space. A special case of this theory is known as the Jackiw–Rossi theory, which models surface excitations on the surface of a topological insulator placed in proximity to an s-wave superconductor. While the physics of the theory is relatively well-understood, the mathematical side has not been studied, even on surfaces, not to mention its generalizations to higher dimensional and on nontrivial manifolds. I call these equations the generalized Jackiw–Rossi equations.

After the definitions and connections to physics, I will present my current work on the generalized Jackiw–Rossi equations. My main result is a concentration phenomenon which proves the physical expectation that such Majorana fermions concentrate around the vortices of the superconducting order parameter. Moreover, I provide approximate solutions that are exponentially sharp in the large coupling limit.

If time permits, then I will show how these Majorana fermions define a bundle of projective spaces over the simple part of vortex moduli spaces. The holonomies of such bundles give rise to projective representations of (surface) braid groups, and thus, speculatively, can be of interest to quantum information theorists.

## 19/07/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Sven Bachmann, University of British Columbia

Recent years have seen much progress in the mathematical understanding of quantum charge transport under slow driving, in the presence of strong interactions between the charge carriers. I will give an overview of recent results, starting with the adiabatic theorem in an interacting setting, and continuing to topological transport where quantization can be shown to be valid beyond the linear response setting.

Sven Bachmann slides.pdf

## 18/10/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Rosario Fazio, The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste
Quantum time crystals

Landau's idea of classifying phases of matter in terms of symmetry breaking is a cornerstone of modern physics. In his pioneering work Wilczek argued that an autonomous system can break time translation symmetry, thus realising what he named as time crystals. Their existence has been confirmed very recently in a number of experiments. I will briefly review the field focusing in particular on the so called Floquet time-crystals (arising in many-body systems that are periodically driven) and on time-crystalline behaviour in quantum open systems. For this last case, I will make connections to quantum synchronisation.

Fazio_slides.pdf

## 25/10/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Manfred Salmhofer, University of Heidelberg
Renormalization in condensed matter: Fermionic systems – from mathematics to materials

I review the role of renormalization theory in many-fermion systems, both from the point of view of mathematical physics and that of applications to models of correlated electrons in solids. The Wilsonian renormalization group method allows for an unbiased analysis of competing ordering tendencies, such as magnetism and superconductivity in effectively two-dimensional systems. As an example, I will consider ferromagnetism and superconductivity in the Hubbard model at Van Hove filling.

## 15/11/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Online

Omri Golan, QEDMA Quantum Computing, Israel
Geometric complexity in quantum matter: intrinsic sign problems in topological phases

The infamous sign problem leads to an exponential complexity in Monte Carlo simulations of generic many-body quantum systems. Nevertheless, many phases of matter are known to admit a sign-problem-free representative, allowing efficient simulations on classical computers. Motivated by long standing open problems in many-body physics, as well as fundamental questions in quantum complexity, the possibility of intrinsic sign problems, where a phase of matter admits no sign-problem-free representative, was recently raised but remains largely unexplored. I will describe results establishing the existence, and the geometric origin, of intrinsic sign problems in a broad class of topological phases in 2+1 dimensions. Within this class, these results exclude the possibility of 'stoquastic' Hamiltonians for bosons, and of sign-problem-free determinantal Monte Carlo algorithms for fermions. The talk is based on Phys. Rev. Research 2, 043032 and 033515.

Omri Golan's slides

## 22/11/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Room P3.10, Mathematics Building — Online

Dung Xuan Nguyen, Brown University
Multiple Gravitons and spectral sum rules in Fractional Quantum Hall systems

In this talk, I will provide the historical review of magneto-roton excitation, which is the gapped neutral excitation in the Lowest Landau Level.The magneto-roton mode has spin-2 and can be considered as a massive graviton mode in 2+1D [1]. This spin-2 mode plays a central role in the physics of FQH.In the current literature, the spin-2 mode of Jain's sequences near filling fraction 1/2 can be thought of as the shear deformation of the composite fermion Fermi surface [2]. In this talk, I will show that for Jain's sequences near filling fraction 1/4, there will be an extra massive graviton mode [3]. The extra mode was proposed in our recent work on the Dirac composite fermion theory of general Jain's sequences in order to satisfy the Haldane bound of the static structure factor. The extra mode was confirmed numerically recently with the guidance of FQH sum rules [4]. I will briefly discuss our physical interpretation of the new massive graviton mode. If time allows, I will describe the experimental setup that can detect the graviton modes [5].

### References

1. Siavash Golkar, Dung X. Nguyen and Dam T. Son JHEP 021, 01 (2016)
2. DX Nguyen, A Gromov, DT Son, Physical Review B 97 (19), 195103 (2018)
3. DX Nguyen, DT Son, arXiv:2105.02092 (2021)
4. DX Nguyen, Edward Rezayi, Dam T. Son and Kun Yang To appeared (Arxiv:2111.xxxxx)
5. DX Nguyen, DT Son, Phys. Rev. Research 3, 023040 (2021)

Dung Nguyen Slides.pdf

## 29/11/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Room P3.10, Mathematics Building — Online

Karol Życzkowski, Jagiellonian University Cracow, Poland; Center for Theoretical Physics, PAS, Warsaw
Multi-unitary matrices and their quantum applications

In the space of bipartite unitary gates one distinguishes the set of local gates, formed by a tensor product, $U=V_A \otimes V_B$. Another distinguished set contains gates of extremal non-locality, which maximize the entropy of entanglement defined by the operator Schmidt decomposition of a unitary gate $U$. If the reshuffled matrix, $U^R$, is also unitary the matrix $U$ belongs to this class and is called dual unitary. The matrix $S$ corresponding to the SWAP operation is strongly non-local and dual unitary, but it does not change entanglement of any state it acts on. To describe creation of entanglement in the system one defines entangling power of a gate. Its absolute maximum is achieved for any dual unitary gate $U$, such that its partial transpose $U^{\Gamma}$ is also unitary. These gates, called two-unitary, do not exist for dimension $d=2^2$, but exist for $d=3^2$. We present an analytical construction of such a gate $U$ of order $d=6^2=36$, which leads to a solution of the quantum version of the famous problem of $36$ officers of Euler [1]. It implies a pair of quantum orthogonal Latin squares of order six and an Absolutely Maximally Entangled (AME) state of four subsystems with six levels each. It enables us to construct a quhex pure nonadditive quantum error detection code useful to encode a 6-level state into a triple of such states. Using such a state one can teleport any unknown, two-dice quantum state, from any pair of two subsystems to the lab possessing the two other dice forming the four-dice system. Our result imples that $2$-unitary gates exist for any squared dimension $d=N^2$ with $N\ge 3$. A matrix $U$ of order $d=N^k$ is called k-unitary or multiunitary if it remains unitary after any of possible ($2k$ choose $k$) reordering of the matrix. Any such a matrix leads to an AME state of $2k$ subsystems of size $N$. A simple example of a $3$-unitary matrix $U$ of order $2^3=8$ corresponds to an AME(6,2) state of six qubits.

### References

1. S. A. Rather, A. Burchardt, W. Bruzda, G. Rajchel-Mieldzioć, A. Lakshminarayan and K. Życzkowski, Thirty-six entangled officers of Euler.

KZ_Lisabon21.pdf

## 06/12/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Room P3.10, Mathematics Building — Online

Predrag Cvitanović, Georgia Tech
Herding Cats: A Chaotic Field Theory

Suppose you find yourself face-to-face with Young-Mills or Navier-Stokes or a nonlinear PDE or a funky metamaterial or a cloudy day. And you ask yourself, is this thing “turbulent” What does that even mean?

If you were had a serious course on chaos, as Professor Ribeiro had, you must have learned about the coin toss (Bernoulli map). I’ll walk you through this basic example of deterministic chaos, than through the kicked rotor, a neat physical system that is chaotic, and then put infinity of these together to explain what chaos or turbulence looks like in the spacetime.

What emerges is a spacetime which is very much like a big spring mattress that obeys the familiar continuum versions of a harmonic oscillator, the Helmholtz and Poisson equations, but instead of being “springy”, this metamaterial has an unstable rotor at every lattice site, that gives, rather than pushes back. We call this simplest of all chaotic field theories the spatiotemporal cat. There is a QM3 version, ask Boris Gutkin or Tomaž Prosen to tell you about it.

In the spatiotemporal formulation of turbulence there is no evolution in time, there are only a repertoires of admissible spatiotemporal patterns. In other words: throw away your integrators, and look for guidance in clouds' repeating patterns.

That's turbulence. And if you don't know, now you know.

No actual cats, graduate or undergraduate, have shown interest in, or were harmed during this research.

## 13/12/2021, Monday, 17:00–18:00 Europe/Lisbon Room P3.10, Mathematics Building — Online

M. Berry showed how to attach a line bundle and a connection on it to a family of quantum Hamiltonians with a non-degenerate ground state, under the assumption that the Hilbert space is finite-dimensional. The first Chern class of this line bundle is a topological invariant of the family. It is far from obvious if this construction can be generalized to quantum many-body Hamiltonians. Indeed, naive generalizations fail because ground states of different Hamiltonians typically correspond to inequivalent representations of the algebra of observables. Nevertheless, it is possible to construct such invariants by making use of a certain differential graded Lie algebra (DGLA) attached to a quantum lattice system. For example, it turns out that to any family of gapped Hamiltonians on a 1d lattice one can attach a “quantized” degree-3 cohomology class on the parameter space. In this talk I will outline a construction of this DGLA as well as the construction of higher Berry classes. The talk is based on a work in progress with Nikita Sopenko.